What is Piles Disease? Piles disease refers to the swelling or inflammation of the blood vessels located in the rectum and anus. These blood vessels, when swollen, can lead to the formation of internal or external piles. Internal piles occur inside the rectum, while external piles are located outside the anal opening.

Causes of Piles Disease: Several factors contribute to the development of piles disease, including:

1. Straining during bowel movements: Persistent straining due to constipation or diarrhea can put pressure on the rectal veins, leading to piles.
2. Chronic constipation: Hard stools and difficulty passing stool can strain the anal area, causing piles.
3. Pregnancy: Increased pressure on the abdomen during pregnancy can lead to the development of piles.
4. Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can lead to poor circulation and contribute to piles.
5. Obesity: Being overweight can add pressure to the rectal veins, increasing the risk of piles.
6. Aging: As people age, the tissues supporting the anal region may weaken, making them more susceptible to piles.

Symptoms of Piles: Piles disease can manifest with various symptoms, including:

1. Pain or discomfort during bowel movements.
2. Itching or irritation around the anus.
3. Swelling or lumps around the anus.
4. Bleeding during bowel movements, which may lead to bright red blood in the stool or on toilet paper.
5. Mucus discharge from the anus.
6. A feeling of incomplete evacuation after passing stool.

When is Piles Surgery Necessary? Piles surgery is typically considered when other conservative treatments, such as dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and medications, fail to provide relief or if the piles are severe. Some common types of piles surgery include:

1. Hemorrhoidectomy: This surgical procedure involves the removal of swollen hemorrhoidal tissue. It is generally recommended for severe cases of internal or external piles.

2. Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy (PPH): Also known as stapled hemorrhoidectomy, this procedure involves the use of a special stapler to reposition the hemorrhoids, reducing blood flow to the affected area.

3. Sclerotherapy: In this non-surgical procedure, a chemical solution is injected into the blood vessels of the piles, causing them to shrink.

4. Rubber Band Ligation: This procedure involves placing a rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply, and causing it to wither and fall off.

Piles disease can be distressing, but timely medical intervention and appropriate lifestyle changes can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. If you experience symptoms of piles, consult a qualified healthcare professional to determine the best course of action. Piles surgery should be considered when conservative treatments are ineffective or when the piles are severe. Remember, early diagnosis and proactive management are key to a successful recovery and improved quality of life.